Congenital Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): A Case Report

Sondus Alsharidah,* Eman Almatar* Department of Pediatrics, NBK Children Specialized Hospital, Sabah, Kuwait*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Eman Almatar, Department of Pediatrics, NBK Children Specialized Hospital, Sabah, Kuwait, Email [email protected]: Congenital acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a rare but critical hematologic malignancy diagnosed in neonates and associated with a high mortality rate.Case Presentation: This report describes a 3-month-old female diagnosed with congenital AML, characterized by mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) gene rearrangement. The patient presented with severe complications, including typhlitis, abscess, seizures, and pericardial effusion.Management and Outcomes: Despite the challenges posed by the patient’s age and the severity of her condition, she responded well to initial treatment. However, her long-term prognosis remains uncertain. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is being considered as part of her ongoing management.Conclusion: Early diagnosis and tailored treatment strategies for congenital AML are crucial. This case underscores the need for continued research to refine treatment protocols aimed at improving survival rates in this vulnerable population.Keywords: neonatal leukemia, MLL gene rearrangement, chemotherapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, cytogenetics in AML