Analysis of Flood Disaster Risks in Jiangsu Province Based on Composite Factors

A nalysis of the spatial distribution characteristics of flood disaster risks is vital for flood disaster prevention and mitigation. Taking Jiangsu Province as an example and applying the natural disaster risk assessment theory, this paper first analyzed risk factors such as the risk, sensitivity, and vulnerability of flood disasters and the disaster prevention and mitigation capacity. Besides, the spatial distribution data of precipitation, geographic information data, and socio-economic data from 2012 to 2021 were used, and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and entropy weight method (EWM) were employed. The distance function was introduced to optimize weights, and the geographic information system (GIS) technology was used for visual display. The results show that the risk of hazard-inducing factors increases from the north to the south in Jiangsu Province in a zonal pattern. The sensitivity distribution of a hazard-inducing environment is relatively scattered, with a medium risk. The areas with the high vulnerability of hazard-bearing bodies are concentrated in economically developed areas, and most areas are at a low level. The disaster prevention and mitigation capacity of most areas is above the medium level. The comprehensive risk of flood disasters in Jiangsu Province is generally low in the north and high in the south, and the areas of flood disaster risks at different levels in Jiangsu Province in descending order are as follows: lower-risk area > low-risk area > medium-risk area > higher-risk area > high-risk area. This zoning result is consistent with the actual flood disaster situation in Jiangsu Province.