The ACP and LLM-based framework for criminology: a review and prospect

New perspectives and powerful tools for criminology research were provided by exploring how the ACP (artificial systems, computational experiments, and parallel execution) approach and large language model (LLM) could be integrated into criminological studies. Firstly, an in-depth analysis of the challenges faced by traditional criminology in system characterization, dynamic simulation, and empirical research was conducted. The potential advantages of the ACP approach in addressing these challenges were then elaborated. Subsequently, a criminology research framework based on ACP and LLM was proposed, and its theoretical significance and practical value were discussed. Finally, it was envisioned how LLM-based digital assistants could enhance criminological research in the future. Given the challenges in practical applications, interdisciplinary collaboration and technological innovation are necessary to further advance criminological studies and improve crime prevention effectiveness.