Роль судової реформи в побудові правової держави в Україні

The article provides a thorough study of the essential characteristics of the judiciary in the context of building the rule of law. It is emphasized that the judicial system plays a leading role in the formation and development of a democratic, legal and socially oriented statehood. The author analyzes the main theoretical approaches to understanding the concept of the judiciary and examines the transformations which have occurred in its functioning as a result of the judicial reform. The author emphasizes that the judiciary remains a central element in addressing the primary tasks faced by the rule-of-law State. Attention is paid to the current challenges faced by the modern judiciary in the context of its reform. The author outlines the risks which may potentially threaten the independence of the judiciary. Particular attention is paid to the problems of imbalance in determining the competence of courts and the procedure for appointing judges, which may pose threats to the legal functioning of the institution. The study emphasizes the need for a thorough review of the theoretical foundations and practical mechanisms of the judicial system in the context of interaction with other branches of public power. Particular emphasis is placed on the importance of ensuring the observance of fundamental human rights and freedoms based on the principles of the rule of law, as well as the adaptation and implementation of internationally recognized standards in the field of justice. In the context of current global and domestic challenges for nation states that have chosen the democratic path of development, such as Ukraine, maintaining the effective functioning of the judiciary is of critical importance. This implies not only institutional improvements, but also bringing the structural organization and procedures of the courts in line with the requirements of international law. The judicial reform in Ukraine deserves special attention as a key factor in the transformation of its legal system. Despite numerous initiatives to modernize the judicial system since independence, some of the problems that have been accumulated over the decades remain unresolved. They continue to face the justice system as complex barriers to qualitative changes and increasing public trust in judicial institutions.