Вплив природних олігорибонуклеотидів у комплексах з D-манітолом на ріст пухлин та експресію маркерів імунних клітин в моделі меланоми миші В16

Cancer remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide, with chronic inflammation playing a critical role in tumour initiation and progression. Natural oligoribonucleotides in complexes with D-mannitol (ORN-D-M), derived from yeast RNA, have demonstrated anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects in various disease models. Previous studies have shown their cytotoxicity against the B16 mouse melanoma cell line in vitro. This study aimed to evaluate the antitumor properties of ORN-D-M in a B16 mouse melanoma model. Materials and methods. The B16 melanoma model was established by transplantation of B16 cells into C57BL/6 mice. ORN-D-M was administered at varying doses via different routes (subcutaneous, oral, intraperitoneal), under prophylactic and therapeutic regimens, and simultaneously with transplantation of malignant cells. Tumour growth dynamics, survival, and gene expression of immune cell markers in peripheral blood (Cd3, Cd247, Cd4, Cd8, Cd68) using RT-qPCR were assessed. Results. It was shown that simultaneous administration of ORN-D-M with tumour cell transplantation dose-dependently inhibited tumour formation and improved survival. However, neither therapeutic nor prophylactic administration after tumour transplantation showed significant effects. Additionally, ORN-D-M did not affect the mRNA expression of immune cell markers during the late stage of B16 melanoma. Conclusion. ORN-D-M exhibits a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect when administered simultaneously with tumour cells but lacks efficacy in therapeutic or prophylactic regimens. Future studies should focus on optimizing targeted delivery systems to enhance drug stability and effectiveness in cancer therapy