Фондовий ринок України як об’єкт кримінологічного дослідження

The article attempts to identify criminal offenses that are typical for the stock market of Ukraine. It is found that today, the development of the stock market in Ukraine is one of the key and most urgent tasks aimed at strengthening the country’s economy. However, the Ukrainian stock market is still not sufficiently transparent and limited, it is characterized by an increase in the issuance of securities, certain difficulties in development, which negatively affects the general state of the economic system as a whole. This necessitates the need for proper protection of the national stock market by the state, through the implementation of organizational and legal measures. The formation of a developed stock market will provide appropriate conditions for the proper market transformation of the national economy, as well as the sustainable development of international relations. The essence of the concept of «stock market» is revealed, and common and distinctive features between the concepts of «stock market» and «securities market» are also identified. It is shown that the stock market is a set of stock market participants and legal relations between them regarding the emission (issuance), circulation, fulfillment of obligations, redemption and accounting of securities. It is noted that the stock market participants are: issuers, including foreign ones, or persons who issued non-issue securities; persons providing collateral; investors in financial instruments who have acquired ownership rights to securities; administrators; professional participants in capital markets; persons who carry out activities related to capital markets and organized commodity markets; self-regulatory organizations of professional participants in capital markets; nominee holders; correspondent depositories. Two main groups of stock market functions are identified and characterized: general and specific. It is noted that the following criminal offenses committed on the stock market can be attributed to: manipulation in organized markets; manipulation of the energy market; falsification of documents submitted for registration of the issue of securities; concealment of information about the issuer’s activities; illegal use of insider information regarding wholesale energy products.