Підвищення ефективності експлуатації вантажної системи нафтоналивного судна

The article discusses the issues of operation and increasing the efficiency of the tanker cargo system, which receives, pumps and removes petroleum products from the vessel. Attention is paid to the tanker cargo system, the widespread hydraulic cargo installation FRAMO manufactured by Frank Mohn Fusa A/S, Norway. The structure of this system, its features of operation are considered, attention is paid to considering possible malfunctions of the Framo hydraulic cargo system arising during operation in different climatic conditions. This hydraulic cargo system is quite widespread on certain types of vessels, but has some disadvantages, like all hydraulic systems of sea vessels. A possible disadvantage of the design of this system is that it hangs on special mounts and, if the tank is not completely filled, it can easily collapse when moving while pitching with cargo. Given the structural complexity of the FRAMO hydraulic system, the possibility of its repair by the crew on the vessel during the voyage is practically excluded. This system is temperature-dependent on the environment and the system may fail due to overheating of the hydraulic fluid, elevated temperatures of the hydraulic oil (above 60 °C) accelerate the aging process of the oil, contributing to the processes of oxidation and oxidative polymerization with the release and precipitation of organic acids and asphalt resinous substances. As a result of oxidative processes, corrosive wear of hydraulic units and premature failure of filter elements occurs. To improve the temperature state of the hydraulic system, it is proposed to install an additional heat exchanger and connect a frequency regulator (programmable microcontroller) to the centrifugal circulation pump of the sea water, which supplies water to the heat exchanger of the cooling system of the hydraulic cargo system. The possibility of upgrading the hydraulic fluid cooling system of the cargo system "FRAMO" is substantiated and the features of the operating modes of the upgraded cooling system are described