СУДОВО-МЕДИЧНІ КРИТЕРІЇ ДИФЕРЕНЦІАЦІІ ОБ’ЄМУ КРОВОВТРАТИ ШЛЯХОМ АНАЛІЗУ МАП ЛІНІЙНОГО ДИХРОЇЗМУ БІОЛОГІЧНИХ ТКАНИН І РІДИН ЛЮДИНИ

Our article is aimed at investigating the diagnostic effectiveness of using method of Mueller matrix reproduction of linear dichroism maps of the polycrystalline component of biological tissues and human blood in the task of objectively determining the volume of blood loss.The aim of the study. To assess the effectiveness of the method of Mueller matrix reproduction of linear dichroism maps of the polycrystalline component of biological tissues and human blood in the differential diagnosis of the degree of blood loss.Material and Methods. The study analyzed biological tissues of deceased individuals with varying degrees of blood loss: skin, brain, and blood samples (n=156) aged from 18 to 60. All samples were divided into a control (n=10; 0 mm³) and five experimental groups according to the amount of blood loss (from 500±100mm³ to 2500±100mm³). Statistical data processing was performed using MS® Excel® 2010™ and Statistica® software. Blood loss volume was estimated by analyzing changes in phase and amplitude anisotropy of tissues using an algorithm for calculating the specific value of blood loss.Results. Based on the analysis of the distributions of random values of the polycrystalline component of biological tissues and blood of deceased persons with different degrees of blood loss, the dynamics of changes in the value of statistical indicators for each experimental group, depending on the volume of blood loss, was established. The assessment of the accuracy of the proposed method showed a high level of reliability in determining the volume of blood loss for skin, brain and blood samples. The highest accuracy rates (92-94%) were recorded when using the asymmetry and excess of the linear dichroism distributions of blood films, which confirms the effectiveness of the method for forensic practice.Conclusions. 1. The sensitivity range of the differential Mueller matrix mapping method of linear dichroism to changes in the level of blood loss of for all studied samples was established – ΔV=0mm3÷2000mm3. 2. The magnitudes and ranges of changes in the accuracy of the differential Mueller matrix mapping method with algorithmic reproduction of linear dichroism maps of biological samples have been determined – ΔV=0mm3÷2000mm3 ↔ 86-92%; ΔV=2000mm3÷2500mm3 ↔ 56-68%. 3. The highest accuracy was recorded in blood analysis (excess SM4 ↔ 90-94%), which indicates the potential of this method for objective assessment of blood loss. At the same time, for brain and skin tissue, the accuracy of the method was lower, but still at a high level (80-90%). 4. The results obtained confirm the high efficiency of the Mueller matrix tomography method in determining the degree of blood loss. The method provides an accurate assessment of changes in the optical characteristics of biological tissues in response to blood loss, which can be used in forensic practice to establish the causes of death and reconstruct the mechanism of injury.