Зелений банкінг: сучасна траєкторія сталого розвитку національної економіки

The relevance of this study is driven by the fact that the concept of sustainable economic development and its interconnection with the environment are currently among the highest priorities and critical vectors for the global economy. In this context, the expansion of the green banking concept is becoming increasingly important. Green banking is an advanced strategy that integrates financial services with social and environmental commitments. It is sometimes referred to as sustainable or ethical banking. The objective of this study is to explore the features and essence of green banking as a tool for ensuring sustainable development of the national economy and to outline further prospects for its evolution. The research methodology includes methods of balanced generalization, concretization, systematization, synthesis, and statistical analysis. The study identifies several key obstacles to the widespread understanding and adoption of green banking: green investments often have lower cash flow and longer investment horizons; insufficient data on the environmental impact of green investments; long preparation and implementation timelines for ecological banking strategies; lower short-term profitability; higher operational costs; reputation risks for banks; lack of clear regulatory guidelines for green banking. Based on the research findings, recommendations have been formulated and substantiated to enhance the efficiency of green banking implementation mechanisms. In particular, leveraging international experience in the creation of green banks could help Ukraine develop a financial tool for supporting green recovery initiatives. Future research directions should focus on improving risk management systems by incorporating ESG risk assessment frameworks, which open new perspectives for stakeholder interactions—where risks influence stakeholders, and stakeholders impact overall banking performance. Special attention should be given to the conceptual determinants of green banking implementation within financial institutions, including: the degree of sustainable development integration into banking operations and its impact on ESG factor-driven pricing and valuation; selection of ESG risks for disclosure and the consistent use of ESG data to enhance transparency regarding the influence of various investments and ESG risk identification within corporate strategies; disclosure of ESG risk data and assessment of its effectiveness in ESG trend portfolio formation; integration of ESG data into existing information frameworks, evaluating the required costs, technical expertise, and capabilities.