ПОЛЬСЬКА МОВА ЯК СКЛАДОВА В МОВНОМУ ЛАНДШАФТІ МІСТА ТУРКА

The article is dedicated to analyzing the features of the linguistic landscape of the town of Turka, located in the Sambir district of the Lviv region. It provides historical insights into the town and highlights its cultural characteristics to better understand the contemporary linguistic environment of Turka. It is noted that Turka’s geographical location was historically favorable for trade, as a trade route from Poland to Hungary passed through it, facilitating contact among representatives of various nationalities. A review of historical data contributes to a deeper understanding and more accurate assessment of the town’s cultural heritage and its role in preserving historical memory and community identity. The article emphasizes that Turka possesses a unique history and culture, shaped over centuries under the influence of diverse cultures. The development of the town’s current linguistic landscape was influenced, at different historical stages, by Polish, German, and Jewish cultures. In 1862, a state four-grade school with Polish as the language of instruction was opened in the town, despite the Ukrainian population outnumbering the Polish. Today, three general secondary education institutions and a vocational lyceum operate in the town, all offering instruction in the state language. An analysis of linguistic signs reveals that monolingual Ukrainian inscriptions dominate in Turka. However, the town’s linguistic landscape also includes other languages, particularly Polish and English. Bilingual Ukrainian-Polish inscriptions reflect the region’s historical, cultural, and linguistic characteristics, while symbolic inscriptions in English connect the town to the broader European community. Due to the tragic events of the 20th century, the synagogue was almost completely destroyed, and inscriptions in Hebrew have not been preserved. The German language is also absent from the town’s present-day linguistic landscape. The analysis of Turka’s linguistic landscape provides not only a deeper insight into the region’s cultural and historical heritage but also opens opportunities for further research into the influence of the linguistic environment on identity formation and intercultural understanding.