Unravelling Port Site Hernia: Insights from a 15-Year Global Study on Incidence and Prevention Strategies

Background: Laparoscopic surgery has become a novel approach for numerous surgical interventions. This is because of its minimally invasive nature. However, it has found to be correlated with certain complications including port-site hernia (PSH), leading to significant morbidity. Aim and Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to answer the question:” What are the primary risk factors and effective management interventions correlated with the incidence of port-site hernia (PSH) post laparoscopic surgery and how do these factors vary across different surgical approaches and populations?”. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, and Scopus from 2011 to 2024. A total of 11 studies were finally selected from 18196 studies with a total of 40248 patients. Results: The overall incidence of PSH was reported as 2.08% across our studies. The key risk factors identified included trocar size, port location, and patient-related comorbidities like obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. A high PSH incidence (%) was noted for comorbidities followed by inadequate closure of the port and umbilical port placement. Conclusion: - PSH is a significant complication of laparoscopic surgery. Numerous factors influence its incidence rates. Correct trocar selection and fascial closure are suitable preventive measures to reduce the risk of PSH.