A Systematic Review of Cultural and Structural Barriers to Mammogram Access Among Immigrant Women

Introduction: Mammograms are crucial for early breast cancer detection and reducing mortality (5). However, U.S. minorities, particularly immigrants, are less likely to receive screenings (9). Identifying barriers can help tailor interventions to meet immigrant women’s needs. Methods: Studies were found on PubMed using a systematic review protocol following PRISMA guidelines (8). Search terms included “minority,” “mammograms,” and “barriers.” Articles were then selected for a full-text review by three authors. 220 articles were narrowed down to 7 by relevance and date of publishing (2005 and beyond). Results: Cultural barriers often limit immigrant women’s access to breast cancer screenings. In certain non-Western cultures, illness stigma deters women from screenings to maintain a perception of health (7). Additionally, modesty and gender concerns add to their reluctance (9). Language barriers also play a role, as non-English-speaking women may struggle to understand the importance of mammograms and hesitate to ask questions due to fears of miscommunication or judgment (2). Conclusion: Health outcomes are impacted by early breast cancer detection using mammograms. Specifically, immigrant communities need culturally tailored, accessible screenings (6). Improving health literacy and collaborating with community leaders (religious figures, clinics, shelters) can also boost education and screening rates among immigrant women.