The study of Medicinal Compounds That Stimulate the Central Nervous System

Introduction: The brain is a complex system that consumes a significant amount of energy and oxygen, and its chemical reactions are responsible for actions and behaviors. The nervous system consists of billions of specialized cells that transmit messages through electrical impulses. The stimulation of nerve cells can lead to various symptoms such as increased heart rate, restlessness, and muscle contraction. Materials and Methods: This systematic review aims to comprehensively examine central and peripheral nervous system stimulants, including their functional mechanisms. Results: The text is a summary of the effects of Central Nervous System (CNS) stimulants, which increase dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin levels in the brain. The commonly abused stimulants include cocaine, amphetamine, and methamphetamine. Their abuse can lead to symptoms such as restlessness, anxiety, and hyperactivity, while overdose can cause aggressive behavior, cardiac problems, and even death. Discussion and Conclusion: Stimulant compounds can temporarily increase alertness, mood, and physical capacity, and reduce fatigue. They can be classified into three categories: psychomotor stimulants, analeptics, and anorexic drugs. Psychomotor stimulants, such as methylxanthines, amphetamines, methylphenidate, and pemoline, primarily activate brain functions and mental/physical activity.