Study the Frequency of ESBL Genes in Klebsiella Pneumoniae Isolated From Clinical Samples

Introduction and purpose: The acquisition of broad-spectrum beta-lactamase producing enzymes has led to an increase in the resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains to beta-lactam antibiotics. Usually, the genes encoding beta-lactamases are located on the plasmid and can be transferred to other gram-negative strains. The aim of the present study was to determine the pattern of resistance to β-lactam antibiotics as well as the frequency of broad-spectrum beta-lactamase genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates obtained from clinical samples.
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\nMethods: In this descriptive-cross-sectional study, 750 clinical samples were examined for the isolation of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria by culture method and biochemical tests. The antibiotic resistance pattern of the isolates was determined by disk diffusion method to ampicillin, amoxicillin, meropenem, cefixime, ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime antibiotics. Also, in order to isolate beta-lactamase-producing isolates, the combined cefotaxime-clavulanic acid disc method was used. The frequency of resistance genes of bla SHV, bla TEM and bla CTX genes was evaluated by PCR method using specific primers.
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\nResults: 62 isolates were identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae. The rate of resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin, imipenem, cefixime, ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime antibiotics was: 94, 95, 24, 59, 47 and 52%, respectively. 37 of the isolates were beta-lactamase producers. Also, 54 isolates (87%) had the bla CTX-M gene, 37 (59%) had the bla SHV gene, and (98.4%) 61 isolates had the bla TEM gene.
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\nConclusion: This study showed that the spread of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates producing broad-spectrum beta-lactamases has increased in clinical samples. Therefore, continuous monitoring of broad-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing bacteria and determination of their resistance patterns can help reduce the spread of these resistant species in society.