Swift-BAT GUANO Follow-up of Gravitational-wave Triggers in the Third LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA Observing Run

We present results from a search for X-ray/gamma-ray counterparts of gravitational-wave (GW) candidates from the third observing run (O3) of the LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA network using the Swift Burst Alert Telescope (Swift-BAT). The search includes 636 GW candidates received with low latency, 86 of which have been confirmed by the offline analysis and included in the third cumulative Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalogs (GWTC-3). Targeted searches were carried out on the entire GW sample using the maximum-likelihood Non-imaging Transient Reconstruction and Temporal Search pipeline on the BAT data made available via the GUANO infrastructure. We do not detect any significant electromagnetic emission that is temporally and spatially coincident with any of the GW candidates. We report flux upper limits in the 15–350 keV band as a function of sky position for all the catalog candidates. For GW candidates where the Swift-BAT false alarm rate is less than 10−3 Hz, we compute the GW–BAT joint false alarm rate. Finally, the derived Swift-BAT upper limits are used to infer constraints on the putative electromagnetic emission associated with binary black hole mergers.

Publication Details

Journal
Strathprints: The University of Strathclyde institutional repository (University of Strathclyde)
Published
2025-02-20
Primary Topic
Bladder and Urothelial Cancer Treatments
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

Funders

Controls
|||
ALL TIME
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
article

Swift-BAT GUANO Follow-up of Gravitational-wave Triggers in the Third LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA Observing Run

Strathprints: The University of Strathclyde institutional repository (University of Strathclyde)
Bladder and Urothelial Cancer Treatments
article

Swift-BAT GUANO Follow-up of Gravitational-wave Triggers in the Third LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA Observing Run

article en

Abstract

We present results from a search for X-ray/gamma-ray counterparts of gravitational-wave (GW) candidates from the third observing run (O3) of the LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA network using the Swift Burst Alert Telescope (Swift-BAT). The search includes 636 GW candidates received with low latency, 86 of which have been confirmed by the offline analysis and included in the third cumulative Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalogs (GWTC-3). Targeted searches were carried out on the entire GW sample using the maximum-likelihood Non-imaging Transient Reconstruction and Temporal Search pipeline on the BAT data made available via the GUANO infrastructure. We do not detect any significant electromagnetic emission that is temporally and spatially coincident with any of the GW candidates. We report flux upper limits in the 15–350 keV band as a function of sky position for all the catalog candidates. For GW candidates where the Swift-BAT false alarm rate is less than 10−3 Hz, we compute the GW–BAT joint false alarm rate. Finally, the derived Swift-BAT upper limits are used to infer constraints on the putative electromagnetic emission associated with binary black hole mergers.

Strathprints: The University of Strathclyde institutional repository (University of Strathclyde)
National Science Foundation, U.S. Department of Energy, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Centres de Recerca de Catalunya, Institut des Origines de Lyon, Leverhulme Trust, Scottish Funding Council, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, European Commission, National Research Foundation, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India, Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Academia Sinica, Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej, Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS, Generalitat de Catalunya, Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Generalitat Valenciana, Hungarian Scientific Research Fund, Nuclear Safety and Security Commission, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, National Research Foundation of Korea, Israel Science Foundation, Ministry of Education, India, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Russian Science Foundation, Nemzeti Kutatási Fejlesztési és Innovációs Hivatal, Vlaamse regering, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea, ICTP South American Institute for Fundamental Research, Narodowa Agencja Wymiany Akademickiej, National Science and Technology Council, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Science and Engineering Research Board, European Regional Development Fund, Agencia Estatal de Investigación, National Research, Development and Innovation Office, Great Southern Development Commission, Government of Western Australia, Division of Human Resource Development, European Social Fund
Industry, innovation and infrastructure
Openalex Percentile: Top 34%
Bladder and Urothelial Cancer Treatments
Open Access PDFOpenAlex
AI Navigator

Ask Laika to Summarize, Analyze, and Connect papers live on the map.

Summarize Papers & Methodologies

Extract key findings, datasets, and comparative methods across publications.

Benchmark Rankings & Visual Analytics

Rank top research institutions, authors, funders, topics, and journals by Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) and paper volume with instant charts.

Connect Distant Disciplines

Bridge topological clusters on the map to find hidden collaborative intersections.