The Short Allele of the Serotonin Transporter Gene (SLC6A4) Increases Predisposition to Anxiety and Negative Emotional States

Mental disorders, such as anxiety and mood disorders, have long been a focus of psychological research, and increasing evidence points to a genetic basis for their occurrence. Polymorphisms of the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene (SLC6A4) may predispose an individual to anxiety-related symptoms. SLC6A4 has two common alleles: the short (s) allele, which results in less 5-HTT protein production, and the long (l) allele, which results in more 5-HTT. Integrated findings from psychometric evaluations, behavioral animal models, and biological assessments establish a link between the s allele of SLC6A4 and heightened anxiety phenotypes. The allele’s influence on serotonin levels and brain structures like the amygdala suggests its importance in emotional processing. With advancements in gene-editing technologies, targeting SLC6A4 polymorphisms offers a promising approach for personalized treatment of anxiety and related disorders. However, gaps in understanding demographic variations and their influence on the gene’s expression call for further investigation.