A REVIEW OF RECONFIGURABLE INTELLIGENT SURFACES AND THEIRAPPLICATION TO MACHINE LEARNING-ASSISTED UNDERWATERCOMMUNICATIONS

Underwater communication systems face unique challenges that require advanced research and technologies. Environmental factors such as surface scattering, harsh sea conditions, water currents, and marine life can disrupt the propagation of acoustic signals. Integrating Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) into underwater communication systems is a promising solution to address these challenges. RISs enhance signal propagation by creating optimal environments through passive beamforming and phase tuning, reducing scattering and absorption. This research proposes integrating RIS technology with machine learning (ML) techniques in underwater communication systems, leveraging recent advancements in both fields. This paper is the first to combine RIS technology with ML techniques in underwater communications while offering a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of RISs.