Pharmacogenetics and Precision Medicine in the Treatment of Major Depressive and Generalized Anxiety Disorders: Exploring Genetic Pathways and Future Therapeutic Approaches

Mental health disorders, such as Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), are among the most common psychiatric conditions worldwide, significantly impacting the quality of life and functional capacity (1). In addition, the distribution of mental health disorders varies by age, sex, and between racial populations, further complicating diagnosis and treatment. Considering the prevalence and severity of mental health disorders, it’s clear that we must find proper and effective treatment. Through this project, I will present a systemic literature review of current pharmacogenetic methods with a new analysis of each medication, gut microbiota as treatment, and stem cells. Ultimately, this review will serve as a singular source to better understand current treatment options for MDD and GAD. Juxtaposing several different medications will allow for a proper comparison of the varying benefits and drawbacks of each pharmaceutical drug. This can then facilitate clinicians to determine which medications are right for their patients. Additionally, this review will serve as a research tool to further mental health disorders. By forming clear documentation of these data, mental health can be better treated to reduce rates of mental illnesses.