Occupational and Environmental Risks of N-hexane in Industries: a Review on Risk and Regulatory Perspectives

N-hexane, which is a volatile hydrocarbon, is widely utilized as a solvent in various industrial operations. However, its neurotoxic potential is a major concern, especially in the occupational workplace. Acute health and chronic consequences, including irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract, peripheral neuropathy, and cognitive impairments, can affect workers in the related sectors. Those in susceptible populations, such as those who work in exposed environments, are more likely to experience neuro-related health problems. Since it is a volatile organic chemical, n-hexane is a potential fire hazard, pollutant of soil and air, and possibly harmful to aquatic habitats. Considering these potential dangers of N-hexane to human and environmental health, regulatory efforts have mostly focused on reducing emissions and improving exposure management. Through a comprehensive review, this study assesses countermeasures by enumerating the environmental and health hazards and solutions associated with N-hexane in industrial exposure.