Neural Dynamics Associated with Biological Variation in Normal Human Brain Regions

The processes involved in encoding and decoding signals in the human brain are a continually studied topic, as neuronal information flow involves complex nonlinear dynamics. This study examines awake human intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) data from normal brain regions to explore how biological sex influences these dynamics. The iEEG data were analyzed using permutation entropy and statistical complexity in the time domain and power spectrum calculations in the frequency domain. The Bandt and Pompe method was used to assess time series causality by associating probability distributions based on ordinal patterns with the signals. Due to the invasive nature of data acquisition, the study encountered limitations such as small sample sizes and potential sources of error. Nevertheless, the high spatial resolution of iEEG allows detailed analysis and comparison of specific brain regions. The results reveal differences between sexes in brain regions, observed through power spectrum, entropy, and complexity analyses. Significant differences were found in the left supramarginal gyrus, posterior cingulate, supplementary motor cortex, middle temporal gyrus, and right superior temporal gyrus. This study emphasizes the importance of considering sex as a biological variable in brain dynamics research, which is essential for improving the diagnosis and treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders.