A Model for the Use of Allegory in Biblical Interpretation: Focusing on Paul's Interpretation of the Sarah-Hagar Allegory in Galatians 4:21-31

This thesis explores the appropriate application of allegory in interpreting biblical texts and its theological implications, specifically emphasizing Paul's allegorical analysis of Sarah and Hagar in Galatians 4:21–31. The research evaluates the problems associated with unchecked and speculative allegorical interpretations commonly found in current Korean church sermons and puts forward Paul's exegesis as a method for uncovering theological depth while upholding fidelity to the biblical text. This study examines the significance and context of Paul's employment of the term ‘ἀλληγορέω.’ It delineates the roles of Sarah, Hagar, Isaac, and Ishmael through a narrative assessment of Genesis 16, 17, and 21. Moreover, by comparing the interpretive practices of the Antiochene and Alexandrian schools, this study contends that Paul's interpretation exhibits characteristics of redemptive history and theology, setting it apart from Hellenistic philosophical allegory. In particular, Paul's allegory is not an attempt to deny the literal meaning or symbolize the text but is evaluated as a “theological allegory” based on contextual respect for the Genesis text and theological insight. Paul does not undermine the historicity of the Genesis narrative. Still, he reinterprets the themes of “promise,” “freedom,” and “fulfillment” contained in those events within an eschatological identity. He allows the believers of the church in Galatia to confirm their new status as “the children of the promise.” This thesis posits that Paul's interpretive approach can provide a useful theological instrument for modern biblical interpretation, delving into the idea of a "canonical" and "Christ-centered" interpretation that is distinguishable from random allegorical interpretations. Furthermore, through comparison with typology, this analysis expounds upon the defining traits of Paul's interpretation, demonstrating how allegory and typology may effectively coalesce in the exegesis of scripture.