Modeling resilient multi-energy systems for rural, remote, and disadvantaged communities

With the goal of realizing a decarbonized future, this paper identified reviewed literature investigating physical systems, applications, and modeling approaches for multi-energy systems (MES) at the intersection of resilience and equity. An initial 2,420 documents, refined to 211, were analyzed using categorical and statistical methods. These analyses highlighted that equity extremes encourage renewable, diverse, and highly interconnected MES, while revealing critical research gaps for achieving equitable and resilient systems. Equity gaps identified include low- income communities, extreme climates, and the evaluation of risk-cost trade-offs. Further future resilience studies should investigate the recovery stage, as well as cascading, targeted, and malicious faults.