Leaving Terrorism Behind: The Healthy Identity Intervention Model of Change

Providing rehabilitation for individuals who commit terrorist offences presents challenges. These challenges include the varied and complex pathways into terrorism, which require flexible and comprehensive interventions that address the multitude of factors driving change. Underpinning these interventions, a Model of Change (MoC) can provide a theoretical and practical framework to guide the processes, mechanisms, and outcomes of the intended change. Without a clear MoC, interventions risk being fragmented and ineffective, failing to address the specific needs of those who commit terrorist offences. This article explores the challenges of rehabilitation for terrorist offending through the lens of the Healthy Identity Intervention (HII) MoC, highlighting its central role in guiding effective rehabilitation efforts within His Majesty’s Prison and Probation Service (HMPPS). Grounded in theoretical principles, HII aims to support participants to desist and disengage from terrorism. The article considers the distinctive features of terrorist rehabilitation and the contribution of HII. It critiques the strengths and limitations of HII, emphasising the need for empirical validation and adaptation to diverse offending profiles. It concludes by outlining future directions for refining the HII MoC and its broader implications for evaluating and advancing appropriate practices, ultimately contributing to the understanding of effective rehabilitation and the promotion of a safer, more inclusive society.