Geothermal at a Glance

Geothermal energy receives mixed public perception, with both a strong interest in its potential and concern over risks such as water pollution and induced seismicity. Monitoring efforts are viewed as an important topic in addressing these challenges. Politically, geothermal energy faces barriers due to its long development timelines, which may not align with short-term political agendas, and skepticism around land use and equitable distribution of benefits. Technologically, geothermal offers several advantages, including round-the-clock operation, load-following capabilities, and sustainable fuel from the Earth’s core. However, it also presents challenges such as high water usage, air pollution, and the release of toxic substances. Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) have been studied across decades as a promising solution to expand geothermal viability to less favorable geological regions. Advances in drilling technologies—such as multistage stimulation, horizontal drilling, and compact diamond bits—have improved efficiency and reduced costs. While many EGS projects remain in testing phases, the U.S. has led in large-scale application, aiming for a 100,000 MWe base capacity by 2050. Recent projections suggest EGS could achieve market-competitive pricing by 2027. Continued innovation and integration of geothermal energy, particularly in the western U.S., position it as a valuable asset to the national energy portfolio.