Factors Influencing Medication Non-Adherence in Patients with Chronic Diseases and Disabilities: Insights from a National Survey in Indonesia

Sofa Dewi Alfian,1– 3 Meliana Griselda,2 Mochammad Andhika Aji Pratama,2 Widya Norma Insani,1,2 Rizky Abdulah,1,2 Martin Wawruch4 1Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia; 2Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia; 3Center for Health Technology Assessment, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia; 4Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, SlovakiaCorrespondence: Sofa Dewi Alfian, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia, Tel +622284288888, Email [email protected]: Medication non-adherence remains a problem in the long-term management of chronic disease among patients with disabilities. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of medication non-adherence among patients with chronic diseases and disabilities in Indonesia and to identify the factors associated with medication non-adherence among these patients.Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional analysis was conducted using national data from the 2014 Indonesian Family Survey (IFLS-5). A self-report questionnaire was used to collect information on all chronic diseases, disability, medication non-adherence, and sociodemographic characteristics. Logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify factors contributing to medication non-adherence. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were presented.Results: The study included 1908 patients with chronic diseases and disabilities, with 66.3% identified as non-adherent to medication. Factors associated with medication non-adherence included being aged 15 to 30 years (OR = 1.65; 95% CI = 1.19– 2.30) and 31 to 45 years (OR = 1.36; 95% CI = 1.01– 1.84), self-perceived health status as somewhat healthy (OR = 1.36; 95% CI = 1.09– 1.69) or very unhealthy (OR = 1.73; 95% CI = 1.08– 2.77), had no active days missed due to poor health (OR = 1.51; 95% CI = 1.09– 2.10), and non-use of any hearing, visual, or walking aids (OR = 1.24; 95% CI = 1.01– 1.52).Conclusion: More than half of the patients (66.3%) with chronic diseases and disabilities were non-adherent to their medication. Therefore, interventions designed to improve medication adherence in this population should consider specific patient-related factors.Keywords: Disability, chronic disease, medication adherence, IFLS-5