The Effects of the Ethanol Extract of Allium Ascalonicum L. in High-Fat-High-Fructose-Induced Insulin Resistance Swiss-Webster Male Mice

Rani Yulifah Elkanawati,1,* Sri Adi Sumiwi,2,* Jutti Levita2,* 1Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia; 2Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Jutti Levita, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang km 21, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia, Email [email protected]: Insulin resistance (IR) is a condition where the body cannot respond properly to insulin, leading to elevated blood glucose and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The first-line anti-T2DM drug is metformin, however, it has shown adverse effects, challenging the search for alternative natural drugs. Plant flavonoids stimulate cellular glucose uptake, decrease hyperglycemia, and regulate key signaling pathways in glucose metabolism. Brebes shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) are known to contain flavonoids and thus may have the potential to inhibit IR.Purpose: To evaluate the effects of the ethanol extract of Brebes shallots in improving IR conditions.Methods: Brebes shallots were collected from West Java, Indonesia. 500 g of the shallots were oven-dried and extracted using 70% ethanol for 3× 24 h, the solvent was evaporated to a thick consistency, and the extract was abbreviated as EAA. The effects of EAA were studied in high-fat-high-fructose (HFHF)-induced Swiss-Webster male mice by performing the insulin tolerance test (ITT) and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and the liver and pancreas index. The nutritional composition and quercetin levels in the extract were also determined.Results: The extraction process yielded a 28.1% EAA. EAA reduces % weight gain, blood glucose levels in OGTT, and liver and pancreas index. EAA significantly improved insulin tolerance in the HFHF-induced mice (p