Creating a Functional Prototype Passive-‘Powered’ Lower Limb Exoskeleton that Assists in Walking with Heavy Objects

Physically demanding jobs, such as construction and warehouse work, are often limited by the body’s endurance, leading to fatigue and reduced productivity. While technologies like robotic arms and mechanical claws offer assistance, they are typically expensive, specialized, and require extensive training. Exoskeletons, wearable devices that enhance the body’s movements by applying additional force, provide a more adaptable and affordable alternative. This study aimed to design and evaluate a passive lower limb exoskeleton prototype to reduce physical effort during tasks like lifting or carrying heavy loads. It was hypothesized that a spring-based exoskeleton, storing and releasing energy during joint flexion and extension, would increase the force output of a model leg, reducing potential metabolic costs. Compared to active exoskeletons, passive designs are lighter and more efficient due to the absence of heavy actuators. A model leg simulated human stepping motion, and the force produced was measured with and without the exoskeleton. Results showed that both knee and ankle exoskeletons increased force output, with the knee exoskeleton having a greater impact, supporting its potential to reduce metabolic cost most effectively.