Conceptual model of a set of ICT services to support city learning

Cities are continuously evolving ecosystems due to demographic, economic, social and environmental changes. The functioning of cities depends on several interrelated service systems regarding social, ecological, and technological systems. Shocks to these city service systems can create widespread and cascading crises. Adverse events like extreme weather and pandemics, such as COVID-19, profoundly impact critical infrastructure while revealing complex interdependencies of the city service systems. To transform cities into Human Smart Cities that are resilient against such adverse impacts, cities need to learn as ecosystems regarding contextual requirements, challenges, and opportunities. This study, based on the high-level requirements for ICT solutions to support city learning, proposes a conceptual model of a set of ICT services that can be incorporated into existing ICT solutions such as an ICT platform and also for developing ICT solutions to support city learning for sustainable contextual innovation and development of Human Smart Cities.