BLUETOOTH-CONTROLLED ENERGY MANAGEMENT OF ELECTRICAL LOAD USING ARDUINO

This paper outlines the design and improvement of a home automation system operated through Bluetooth using an Arduino Nano microcontroller. The system enables wireless home appliance control, including lighting, fans, and other appliances, using an Android-based application interface. In the center of the new design is the use of a 4-channel relay module for effective device switching, together with an HC-12 Bluetooth module, allowing a significant increase in communication range and transmission reliability compared to the HC-05 module used earlier. The HC-12 is incorporated in a module whereby the range is boosted to 100 m for proper long-range communication at home. For this purpose of system reliability and continuity, EEPROM is used to store the state of the appliances so that the operating configurations of the devices can be regained once the power blackouts. In addition, and due to the risks of threats targeting unauthorized users' data, security mechanisms are also employed to encrypt the transmission between the smartphone and the automation system. The system also integrates hightech energy control abilities where the user has a command to switch the power supply to all the appliances when not in use, which reduces power consumption. This feature is very important to implement if there is a reduction in energy consumption in contemporary homes. There are plans to improve the performance of this system in the future by including Wi-Fi connectivity coupled with cloud computing services, thereby extending the control range and making the system flexible by enabling remote control...