Bio-Nematicide compositions and activities of neem and wild sunflower leaf extracts on root-knot nematode eggs and juveniles

In the laboratory, phyto-chemical analysis were carried out on neem, Azadirachta indica and wild sunflower, Tithonia diversifolia leaf extracts and were also separately assessed on root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita eggs and second-stage juveniles to measure their respective effects on egg hatch inhibition and juvenile mortality levels. The treatment were 25% stock solution neem leaf, 50% stock solution neem leaf, 75% stock solution of neem leaf, 100% (stock) solution neem leaf, 25% stock solution wild sunflower leaf, 50% stock solution wild sunflower leaf, 75% stock solution wild sunflower leaf, 100% (stock) solution wild sunflower leaf, and Distilled water (Control). I ml. of each treatment were dispensed separately into 1 ml suspension containing approximately 100 M. incognita eggs and aliquot of 1ml of M. incognita juveniles suspension containing approximately 100 freshly hatched M. incognita juveniles. The experiment was a completely randomized design with nine treatments replicated four times. The results show that the mortality of the root-knot nematode juveniles and egg hatch inhibition increased per exposure time and as plant extract concentration rate increases The results of the phyto-chemical analysis revealed the presence Alkaloids, Polyphenols, Tannins, Sterols, Flavonoids, Saponins, Terpenoids, Glycosides while Quinones, Anthocyanins, Anthraquinones were absent in both neem and wild sunflower leaf extracts. Coumarins was present in Neem but absent in Siam weed leaf extracts. Keywords: Root-knot nematode, Neem, Wild sunflower, Phyto-chemical, Control. DOI: 10.7176/JNSR/16-1-04 Publication date: January 30th 2025