Comparison of Hydrodynamic Parameters in Cavitation Devices with Various Constrictor Configurations

The analysis is dedicated to investigating the hydrodynamics of three models of cavitation devices and comparing the volumes of the vapor-gas fraction formed in the diffuser. Numerical modeling methods were used to evaluate the hydrodynamic parameters. Models with conical, helical, and complex obstacles were investigated. The results showed that a uniform distribution of the vapor-gas phase along the diffuser is ensured by the conical obstacle, approaching a normal distribution, while the helical obstacle forms localized areas characteristic of pulsations and flow separation. A uniform increase in the vapor-gas fraction volume up to a maximum value is observed with the complex obstacle, after which a gradual decrease is noted. The comparison of pressure and velocity distributions along the diffuser showed that the conical obstacle provides a more stable flow with an optimal parameter distribution. In contrast, the helical obstacle generates significant fluctuations in velocity and pressure, negatively affecting the stability of the cavitation process. A more balanced process dynamic, with less parameter variability, is ensured by the complex obstacle compared to the helical obstacle. The results are crucial for improving cavitation device designs and enhancing stability, efficiency, and adaptability to specific technological requirements.