Barriers to Participation in Physical Activity Related to Physical Health of Rasht Citizens: The Role of Age and Gender Differences

Background: Physical activity plays a pivotal role in enhancing physical health; however, various barriers limit participation in such activities. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the barriers to participation in physical activity associated with the physical health of Rasht citizens while examining age and gender differences. Materials & Methods: The research was a cross-sectional study, with a statistical population consisting of 408 individuals (204 men and 204 women) from households covered by Rasht’s comprehensive health centers in 2024. Sampling was conducted using a multi-stage cluster method, and data were collected through the Exercise Benefits/Barriers Scale (EBBS). Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26, employing independent t-tests and ANOVA. Results: The results indicated that "physical activity environment" (mean score = 15.8) was the primary barrier, particularly for women and among the 51–65 old age group. "Physical exhaustion" was prominent in the 51–65 age group, while "lack of family encouragement" was identified as the least significant barrier. Gender differences (p = 0.03) and age differences (p < 0.001) were statistically significant. Conclusion: These findings suggest that women and older individuals face greater barriers, linked to environmental factors, gender roles, and diminished physical capacity. It is recommended that interventions focus on improving sports infrastructure and designing gender- and age-specific programs. This study contributes to understanding barriers within the urban context of Iran and lays the groundwork for health policy development.