Autocuidado y prevención de complicaciones en accesos vasculares de pacientes en terapia sustitutiva renal

Fundamentals: chronic kidney disease is a global public health problem that affects a significant percentage of the population. Objective: to analyze the prevalence of complications in vascular access and determine the risk factors associated with patients on renal replacement therapy. Method: an observational, analytical and cross- sectional design was used with 170 patients from a specialized clinic in Esmeraldas, Ecuador. Data from clinical histories and structured surveys were collected, considering sociodemographic and clinical variables as well as types of vascular access. Results: that chronic kidney disease mainly affected patients between 40 and 60 years of age, predominantly male. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were the main causes. Arterovenous fistula was the most used vascular access, although the temporal catheter was the most frequent at the beginning of therapy. Vascular access dysfunction had a prevalence of 40%, with thrombosis and stenosis as the main complications. It was also shown that patients with longer time in hemodialysis had a higher risk of vascular access dysfunction.Conclusions: that continuous monitoring and self- care education can reduce complications and improve patients' quality of life.