The ABCs of teacher-student interaction : Feedback in a Japanese elementary school English class

This paper examined feedback in one Japanese elementary school English class from the perspective of antecedent, behavior, and consequence－a system of analysis from behaviorist psychology. In particular, the prevalence and types of implicit reinforcement were identified. Recommendations for pre-service teacher education include the teaching of reactions, mirroring, follow-up questions, and offering follow-up information to prepare future teachers for the communication-oriented English classroom.