Сибирские городовые казаки в первой половине XIX века (к 250-летию со дня рождения М. М. Сперанского и 200-летию «Учреждения для управления сибирских губерний»)

In 2022, the 250th anniversary of the birth of the outstanding Russian reformer and statesman, the author of “Institutions for the Administration of Siberian provinces and Regions”, the creator of the Collection and Code of Laws of the Russian Empire, M. M. Speransky, will be celebrated. The purpose of the article is to consider, on the basis of archival sources and pre-revolutionary legislation, the legal regulation of the estate status of city Cossacks in the “Charter on Siberian City Cossacks” of 1822, which became part of the “Institution for the Administration of Siberian provinces and regions” and prepared by Speransky. The increased interest in the history of the Cossacks is connected not only with the desire of researchers to look deeper into the past and revive forgotten traditions, but also with urgent practical needs. Today you can hear about the proposals of organizing special Cossack formations as part of the Rosgvardiya of Russia, which would carry out police and military service in their places of residence. The relevance of the chosen topic is also explained by its little study in modern historical science. The author comes to the conclusion that the legal regulation and the attempt to reanimate the Siberian city Cossacks in the “Statute of the Siberian City Cossacks” of 1822, at least to some extent, improved the situation of the Cossacks, and also reduced the state budget expenditures on the police apparatus in Siberia, but in general, was not crowned with success. The city Cossacks, who performed the main local police service in Siberia until 1867, ceased to be used to protect public safety and law and order, and their units were liquidated. By the 70s of the 19th century in Siberia, there was not a single city Cossack regiment left, the city Cossacks as a class ceased to exist. The city Cossacks were transferred to the estate of state peasants with the right to transfer to the Siberian and Trans-Baikal Cossack troops, and their villages were renamed villages