Дослідження енергетичних характеристик спіралеподібних турбін для систем охолодження ядерних установок

In the context of modern threats, particularly during martial law and the war with russia, the safety of nuclear power plants requires enhanced protective measures and stringent reliability standards for safety systems. Ensuring uninterrupted power supply for cooling, ventilation, emergency response, and reactor control systems is critical to preventing catastrophic consequences. One of the key challenges is the risk of sudden power outages caused by external factors or infrastructure damage [1]. In such situations, autonomous generators become an essential means of ensuring safety. This article examines the design features of spiral turbines, analyzes research results, and explores their potential applications, particularly in working with low-head water flows. A specialized laboratory setup was used for experimental analysis, enabling the simulation of various water flow conditions. A series of experiments was conducted to evaluate parameters such as turbine rotational speed, output voltage, and energy generation efficiency under different load conditions and water levels. The article highlights the prospects of integrating spiral turbines into backup power systems for nuclear facilities. Owing to their design features, these turbines can efficiently operate in water flows with minimal head, making them suitable for use in closed-loop circulation systems or for emergency heat removal from reactor cores. This increases the autonomy of control systems and provides additional power sources for critical components, minimizing the risk of nuclear fuel overheating in case of main power system failures. Thus, the proposed solutions using spiral turbines enhance the resilience of nuclear facilities to external impacts, ensure autonomy, and minimize the risks of emergency situations under unstable power supply conditions.