Оцінка потенціалу джерел відновлюваної енергетики в умовах залізорудних підприємств

The modern world is facing a double energy crisis: on the one hand, fossil fuel reserves are being depleted, and on the other hand, the level of environmental pollution is growing. In countries where coal and oil remain the main sources of energy, this problem is particularly acute, as dependence on traditional energy resources limits economic development and threatens environmental safety. The dual energy crisis is a serious challenge for the modern world, but it can be overcome through the active development of renewable energy. Investing in clean technologies, reducing fossil fuel consumption, and international cooperation in environmental security will help create a sustainable and environmentally friendly energy system of the future. For example, the metallurgical plants of the Brazilian mining company Vale S.A. located in Indonesia are fully powered by hydropower; the mining multinational Rio Tinto Group plans to invest an additional $600 million in the construction of two 100 MW solar power plants in Pilbara by 2026. The situation in Ukraine's mining and metals sector is currently extremely difficult. The sector, which until February 24, 2022 accounted for the majority of the country's exports, is on the brink of survival. With the loss of Azovstal and Ilyich Iron and Steel Works of Mariupol, the economy simultaneously lost more than 40% of its metal production. Other metallurgical enterprises reduced production due to the fighting, operating at only 20%. Inhulets, Pivdennyi and Pivdennyi mining and processing plants (MPPs) in Kryvyi Rih periodically suspend their operations, and production of MPPs of the Ferrexpo group, which includes Poltava, Bilanivske and Yeristovo MPPs, decreased by 47% [1]. Blocked seaports, logistical restrictions, and a 70% increase in Ukrzaliznytsia's freight tariffs have worsened the already difficult situation of the industry. Along with the extractive industry, the energy sector of Ukraine has been under terrorist attacks for three years. World Bank experts estimate the country's losses at over UAH 4.4 trillion. 80% of thermal generation, almost 100% of hydropower, most wind power plants, and half of photovoltaic power plants have been destroyed [2]. The minimum safety margin is provided by the nuclear power industry, which also suffered a significant loss - the seizure of the largest nuclear power plant in Ukraine and Europe, the Enerhodar NPP, by nuclear terrorists. In such critical conditions for the country, the issue of further development of nuclear generation, dispersal (decentralization) of electricity generation and protection against destruction of energy infrastructure facilities is more acute than ever. The main sources of raw materials for the Ukrainian iron ore industry are three basins: Bilozersky Iron Ore District (Zaporizhzhia region); Kerch Iron Ore Basin; and Kryvyi Rih Iron Ore Basin. The latter includes not only the iron ore mines of Kryvyi Rih. Kryvyi Rih, as well as a number of GOKs located in Horishni Plavni (producing ore within the Kryvyi Rih-Kremenchuk structural and metallogenic zone). Taking into account the fact that the contribution of the enterprises of the Bilozersky and Kerch basins to the total ore production is less than 10%, and that the enterprises of Kryvyi Rih and Horishni Plavni operate, in fact, within the same basin, the general analysis in this paper is based on the production data of the Ferrexpo Poltava Mining Group. This will allow us to formalize the conclusions for all iron ore enterprises with an open-pit mining method with sufficient reliability. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the potential of renewable energy sources in the context of PJSC Poltava Mining and Processing Plant based on the calculations performed. It is established that the most promising direction for the development of distributed generation is wind and solar power plants. Taking into account the peculiarities of operation, it is recommended to focus on the construction of photovoltaic stations in the considered conditions