Актуалізація явища авторської синонімізації (комплементарність та контрарність)

Today, the doctrine of synonyms has been separated into an independent section of linguistics and a corresponding science – synonymy. The problem of synonymy is not only a lexicological problem. Its various aspects attracted the attention not only of language researchers, but also of other sciences, primarily philosophy, semiotics, and psychology. There was a need to understand the results and facts substantiated by these sciences, which leads to an understanding of the multifaceted nature of synonymy, its relationship with various aspects of language and communication. Thirdly, theoretical interest in the problems of synonymy was conditioned by lexicological practice. However, insufficient study of the patterns of speech «behaviour» (functioning) of stylistic synonyms and the problem of distinguishing linguistic and speech synonymy belong to the unresolved problems. Such problems are relevant not only in a theoretical, but also in a practical sense. Proceeding from the word, its semantic and stylistic connections and the ability to form established formulas, to reveal the inner form through the possibilities of word formation, associative, contextual relations, the characteristic linguistic and typological features of poetry are revealed, the structure, content, and peculiarities of the functioning of linguistic and aesthetic signs of Ukrainian culture are revealed. They are cross-cutting (key) verbal images that cause the creation of author’scontextual synonymous series, lexical-semantic variants of words. From a linguistic point of view, lexical synonymy is a semantic phenomenon based on the opposition of words. A strong position for synonyms is the position of their joint use in the context of the same subject or phenomenon of reality. A weak position is considered to be the position of interchange of synonyms in the context that conveys their common meaning in order to increase the speed of information transfer per unit of time, when the difference between the components of lexical meanings is not actualized due to their irrelevance for the communication process. Thus, the linguistic mechanism that establishes the synonymy or non-synonymity of relations is the neutralization of their lexical meanings.