Криміналістична характеристика злочинів у сфері економіки

The article is devoted to the study of the criminalistic characteristics of crimes in the sphere of economy, which is a key element for their effective investigation, detection and prevention. The work focuses on the growing threats to the economic security of Ukraine in the context of globalization, digitalization and complication of economic relations. It is noted that crimes in the economic sphere are characterized by high latency, organized nature and complexity of methods of concealment, which complicates their identification and investigation by law enforcement agencies. The main elements of the criminalistic characteristics of crimes in the economic sphere are analyzed, in particular: the object of the crime, the ways of its commission, traces of criminal activity, the identity of the criminal, as well as the circumstances contributing to the commission of offenses. It is determined that the objects of crimes are social relations in the sphere of financial and economic activity, and the ways of committing them are becoming more and more technological and innovative. Particular attention is paid to the traces of crimes, which are usually documentary or informational, which requires the use of modern methods of computer expertise and digital forensics. The personal and professional characteristics of criminals operating in this area are considered, among which the high intellectual level and deep knowledge in the financial, economic and technological sectors dominate. It is established that organized groups of criminals often attract specialists of different profiles and use complex schemes, offshore companies and the latest digital technologies to conceal their activities. The conclusion is made about the need for an integrated approach to combating economic crime by improving the methods of forensic analysis, the development of information technology and international cooperation. The article emphasizes the importance of systematizing the forensic features of economic crimes to increase the effectiveness of law enforcement and strengthen the economic security of the state.