Реформування законодавства про усиновлення в Україні у контексті воєнних реалій

The article focuses on the analysis of legislative regulation of adoption in Ukraine under martial law, particularly the challenges arising due to military actions and the humanitarian crisis. The authors highlight the key aspects of national legislation, emphasizing the provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine, the Family Code of Ukraine, the Law of Ukraine «On Child Protection,» as well as international instruments such as the European Convention on the Adoption of Children and the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. Special attention is given to amendments made in 2022-2023 to regulatory acts aimed at adapting adoption procedures to new conditions. The article examines the main problems faced by the adoption system during wartime, including the loss of access to state registers in temporarily occupied territories, the risk of illegal transfer of children to other countries, difficulties in confirming the status of orphans, and obstacles to the evacuation of children. The measures taken by the state to protect children’s rights are analyzed, including the creation of the Unified Information and Analytical System «Children,» the introduction of simplified procedures for verifying potential adoptive parents, and the expansion of criteria for granting children orphan status. The authors emphasize the importance of ensuring transparency in adoption processes, digitalization of child records, and strengthening oversight of the rights of adopted children. The role of international cooperation in preventing illegal adoption and unifying child protection standards in accordance with international law is highlighted. The article also provides recommendations for improving adoption-related legislation, particularly to ensure timely responses to new challenges posed by martial law. The study results underscore the significance of a comprehensive approach to reforming the adoption system, which is based on the integration of international standards, effective collaboration among state bodies, international organizations, and public initiatives. It concludes that creating stable and safe conditions for adoption is a crucial step toward ensuring every child’s right to family upbringing, even under the difficult circumstances of war.