Населення в міжнародному праві: поняття, категорії і правовий статус

The article is devoted to the study of population in international law, its concept, categories, and legal status. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the current legal framework regulating legal relations regarding different categories of population in international law. The article examines key aspects of determining the legal status of population, including classification, citizenship, human rights, and special categories of persons. In the context of globalization and growing migration processes, issues of effective regulation of the legal status of different categories of population become increasingly relevant. This is achieved through the development of international conventions, implementation of international standards into national legislation, and introduction of special mechanisms to protect the rights of vulnerable groups. The article separately addresses the problem of determining the legal status of such categories of population as refugees, stateless persons, and others. The balance between state sovereignty and compliance with international human rights standards is critically important for ensuring effective protection of population rights. The international experience of states and the practice of international organizations that have implemented modern mechanisms for protecting the rights of various categories of population are analyzed, including specialized UN institutions, regional human rights protection systems, and bilateral interstate agreements. Adaptation of these practices by different states is an important direction in the development of international law, considering trends toward the universalization of human rights standards. The article offers specific recommendations for improving the international legal regulation of population status. These include the development of international mechanisms for human rights protection, harmonization of national legislation with international standards, strengthening state responsibility for violations of population rights, and improving the effectiveness of international institutions involved in protecting the rights of different categories of population. Special attention is paid to creating effective international procedures that minimize the risks of human rights violations. The conclusion is made that the implementation of these changes will contribute to ensuring effective protection of the rights of various categories of population, which, in turn, will enhance compliance with international human rights standards on a global scale.