АНАЛІЗ ЗАКОНОДАВЧОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ ТЕРИТОРІЙ В СІЛЬСЬКИХ НАСЕЛЕНИХ ПУНКТАХ США З ВРАХУВАННЯМ ВИРОБНИЧОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ

The article presents the results of the analysis of a number of regulatory and legal documents that carry out legislative regulation of the functional organization of territories in rural settlements of the USA. The main focus is on documents such as zoning codes with zoning maps developed at the local level to regulate land use rules in accordance with established functional zones. International building codes are also taken into account, which are more of a recommendation nature, but have considerable success in the use of various settlements. An additional issue is the consideration of legislative regulation for industrial activity, taking into account regulatory documents for the protection of the environment and public health. Such a complex of legislative regulation helps to predict the functional organization of the territories of settlements with the possibility of predicting various activities in the corresponding zones. The article also shows in more detail the legislative regulation of zoning on the example of rural settlements with a different number of functional zones, which help to better understand the possibilities of functional planning organization. It should be noted that not all rural settlements in the USA foresee the presence of production areas as one of the integral components of economic development. This position is typical for rural settlements with a smaller population, which in turn opens up opportunities to improve the quality of, first of all, ecological, and later social living conditions. Rural settlements with a larger population may provide for the location of industrial activities that require appropriate legislative regulation, which is also discussed in this article. Legislative regulation of territorial zoning helps to better understand the methodology of functional organization for settlements. Such regulation indicates the sequence of determining the functional purpose of the use of territories in accordance with established norms and rules. Considering that each settlement in the USA may have individual land use regulations, it should be understood that building regulations may differ. If some rules may be allowed in one settlement, they may be prohibited in another. Thus, the functional organization of territories in the USA is a multi-level process where national standards can be combined with local legislative regulation. This approach allows taking into account both national requirements and the specifics of local needs and conditions.