Гуманітарна допомога ООН та гуманітарні фонди у світі

The article examines the issues of UN humanitarian aid and humanitarian funds in the world. The issues of providing humanitarian aid in different countries are investigated. It is argued that humanitarian aid in the modern world is an indispensable tool through which funds and other resources are formed and distributed among the state, among people who, due to various factors, have found themselves in special conditions that do not consider them to be able to adequately satisfy their vital human needs. It is proven that the problems due to which people and the state need humanitarian aid are caused primarily by military uprisings, military conflicts (armed conflicts, aggression), confrontation between legitimate authorities (legally elected and/or legally appointed) and their opponents. The activities of the UN Emergency Relief Service, managed by the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), are analyzed in detail. The features of financing humanitarian assistance from OCHA through the largest pooled funds of many donors are considered: the Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) and Country-Based Pooled Funds (CBPL), Regional Humanitarian Funds (RHF). Special attention is paid to humanitarian funds. The features of OCHA’s pooled funds, which are formed mainly through contributions from national governments, foundations and individuals, are analyzed. The practice of the CERF, which is designed for underfunded emergencies and helps to scale up and sustain long-term relief operations to avoid critical gaps in the absence of other funding, is examined. The country-based pooled funds (CBPFs), which are established when an emergency arises or when an existing crisis worsens, are analyzed. They are managed by OCHA under the leadership of Humanitarian Coordinators (HCs) or UN Resident Coordinators (RCs) and in close consultation with the humanitarian community, are pooled into single, non-earmarked funds. These funds support high-priority projects implemented by those best suited to respond (including international and national NGOs and UN agencies) through an inclusive and transparent process that supports the priorities identified in the Humanitarian Response Plans.