Кардіометаболічний пацієнт і мікробіота

Aim: to determine associations between the microbiota and a cardiometabolic patient’s condition and to identify key mechanisms of the microbiota influence on the cardiovascular system and metabolic profile based on summarizing the scientific literature. Material and methods. A descriptive-comparative analysis was performed to study associations between cardiometabolic patient’s condition and microbiota. The work was based on a substantive review of modern scientific literature, which allowed us to identify key aspects of this interaction and its impact on metabolic and cardiovascular processes. To achieve the goal, the following research methods were used: search method, comparative analysis, methods of generalization and synthesis. Results. The article presents the study results indicating the pathology development such as abdominal obesity, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, and arterial hypertension induced by disturbances in the microbiota composition (dysbiosis). Studying the probiotic and prebiotic effects provides perspectives to correct dysbiosis and improve the intestinal microflora functions. Probiotics, such as Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria, are capable of microbiota balance normalization, reducing the risk for cardiovascular complications, as well as improving lipid metabolism and reinforcing the intestinal barrier function. Prebiotics help stimulate the beneficial bacteria colonization and the production of key metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids. Conclusions. The intestinal microbiota has been shown to play a key role in the development and progression of numerous pathological conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, and hypertension. Its effects are mediated by mechanisms, including intestinal wall permeability variations, pro-inflammatory process activation, and metabolic activity alterations. One of the important factors is a decreased count of microorganisms that produce short-chain fatty acids, resulting in impaired metabolism and an increased risk for cardiometabolic diseases.