Restoring the Restoration: Sidney Rigdon and the American Quest for Primitive Christianity

This dissertation offers a comprehensive historical analysis of Sidney Rigdon and his contributions to the religious movement known as Restorationism, which gained significant momentum in early nineteenth century America. Often overshadowed by figures such as Joseph Smith and Alexander Campbell, Rigdon’s role as a theological innovator and leader has been marginalized by both his contemporaries and by historians of American religion. This work seeks to reposition Rigdon as a central figure, not only within the Mormon tradition but across a broader spectrum of Restorationist faiths that emerged during this period. Restorationism, while commonly associated with the Stone/Campbell movement and Mormonism, encompassed a far more diverse array of movements, each with its own interpretation of the quest to restore primitive Christianity. Rigdon’s religious journey, which included multiple affiliations and leadership positions with many Restorationist groups, particularly the two movements that emerged as the dominant sects of Restorationism (Stone/Campbell and Mormonism), makes him a representative figure through which scholars can better understand this important and neglected American religious movement. Through an in-depth examination of Rigdon’s life, from his early affiliation with progressive Baptist groups to his influential role in the development of early Mormonism, Rigdon's personal and theological evolution is made manifest and mirrors the broader aspirations of the Restorationist movement in general, along with those who found a home and purpose within one of its many unique sects. Rigdon's teachings, charismatic leadership, and theological innovations played a significant role in shaping both the religious experiences of frontier Americans and the trajectory of Restorationism. By examining his lesser-known contributions, such as his role in founding religious communities and articulating doctrines that represented various sects, this study challenges the conventional narrative that reduces Restorationism to a mere minority reaction of radicals who disagreed with the predominantly Protestant ethos of their time. In repositioning Sidney Rigdon as a pivotal figure within Restorationism, this dissertation expands the historiography of the movement, offering a more nuanced account of its diversity and its appeal to nineteenth century Americans seeking religious renewal. Rigdon’s life and legacy, therefore, serve as a critical lens through which scholars can reexamine the religious innovation and pluralism that defined the Restorationist movement, highlighting its profound impact on the religious landscape of early America.