PENGARUH SUDUT KEMIRINGAN TERHADAP EFISIENSI SEL SURYA DAN ENERGI LISTRIK DARI SISTEM FOTOVOLTAIK-TERMAL (PV/T) YANG DI ISI NANOFLUIDA

This study aims to investigate the impact of nanofluid concentration and panel tilt angle on the efficiency of photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T) systems, with the goal of optimizing energy performance. Numerical simulations were conducted using the Finite Element Method (FEM) to analyze the effects of varying nanofluid concentrations and panel inclination angles on PV/T system performance. The findings revealed that a nanofluid concentration of 20% provided the most uniform fluid flow. At an inclination angle of π/6, increasing the concentration to 20% reduced the PV cell temperature and enhanced photovoltaic efficiency to 12.04%, while also achieving the highest electrical power output of 36.71 W. The highest thermal efficiency of 69.5% was observed at a 20% concentration with a π/6 tilt angle, whereas the highest total efficiency of 81.7% was achieved at a π/3 tilt angle. The study demonstrates that optimizing the combination of nanofluid concentration and panel tilt angle significantly enhances the energy efficiency of PV/T systems. This advancement contributes to the development of more efficient renewable energy technologies.