“I’m Not Belgian, I’m European”: Ontological Security, Common Security & Defense Policy, and Evolving Identity Dynamics within the European Union

Identity dynamics worldwide continue to impact global integration and defense policy. This study aims to fill a gap in scholarship: how political science research can zoom in on the individual and produce effective research at the singular level through ontological security theory. Drawing on Eurobarometer studies and social media comments, this study delineates the evolution of European identity dynamics from 1975 to 2024. The study considers how the idea of ‘Home,’ the othering of outside peoples, and perceived physical security contribute to the constituent perception of defense policy. Furthermore, this study examines various European Union policies that have impacted collective opinion on further European integration and the Common Security & Defense Policy. Ontological insecurity, rising right-wing governments, nationalism, and the migrant crisis are various obstacles facing further European integration in the modern age. Viewing the European Union through the lens of ontological security theory can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of the constituent identities and emotions on Union security and defense policy.