THE HEALTH AND HUMAN COST OF ILLEGAL REFINERY IN PORT HARCOURT METROPOLIS: A PUBLIC HEALTH PERSPECTIVE

Illegal crude oil refining, also known as "kpo-fire," has become a significant environmental and public health crisis in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, due to its socioeconomic, environmental, and health impacts. This illegal refinery results in significant environmental pollution in Port Harcourt. The pollution contaminates air, water, and soil, causing respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, neurological damage, reproductive issues, lung cancers, and death. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports seven million untimely deaths annually due to air pollution diseases at the global level. In 2019, Nigeria had the highest number of air pollution-related child pneumonia deaths in the world, with an overall figure of 67,416. Despite regulatory measures, enforcement challenges persist, emphasizing the need for public health-centered interventions. Port Harcourt, the capital and largest city of Rivers State, Nigeria, has experienced rapid urbanization and population growth, with a projected population of 3,637,000 in 2024. With over 7,234,973 residents and the second-largest economy in Nigeria, the state is known for its vast crude oil and natural gas reserves, producing over 40% of Nigeria's output. Illegal crude oil refinery is widespread in Port Harcourt. Collaborative efforts among policymakers, local and religious leaders, and international partners are crucial for long-term solutions. This study explores the health and human costs of illegal refineries in Port Harcourt from a public health perspective. Sustainable interventions, including community-based enforcement, economic alternatives, and federal advocacy. For sustainable interventions, it is imperative to include community-based enforcement, economic alternatives for the citizens, and federal support. Key Words: Illegal refining, Kpo-fire, air pollution