Externalized Outcasting of Russia: An Interdisciplinary Analysis

Embracing a wide understanding of law enforcement, this paper examines the external outcasting regime imposed on Russia through various unilateral measures. This study identifies key aspects of the outcasting regime, including its legal basis, manifestations, timeline, and configuration. The US sanctions documents are examined as a portion of state practice related to Russia's outcasting. The unique configuration of the outcasting regime is identified: permissive, nonadjudicated, non-in-kind, proportional, and inclusive of 3rd parties. Finally, the outcasting of Russia is situated into a wider historical perspective as a response to the UN’s internal enforcement mechanisms reaching their limits.