Cutting-Edge Progress in the Acquisition, Modification and Therapeutic Applications of Exosomes for Drug Delivery

Yuhao Wang,1,2 Shengmeng Yuan,1,2 Lihua Zhou,3 Kexin Yang,1,2 Zhaorui Jin,1,2 An Lin,1,2 Chao Yang,4 Weidong Tian1,2 1State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People’s Republic of China; 3National Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People’s Republic of China; 4Chengdu Shiliankangjian Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Chao Yang, Email [email protected] Weidong Tian, Email [email protected]: Exosomes are vesicles secreted by cells, typically ranging from 30 to 150 nm in diameter, and serve as crucial mediators of intercellular communication. Exosomes are capable of loading various therapeutic substances, such as small molecule compounds, proteins, and oligonucleotides, thereby making them an ideal vehicle for drug delivery. The distinctive biocompatibility, high stability, and targeting properties of exosomes render them highly valuable for future treatments of diseases like cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Despite the potential advantage of exosomes in delivering biologically active molecules, the techniques for the preparation, purification, preservation, and other aspects of stem cell exosomes are not yet mature enough. In this paper, we briefly introduce the composition, biogenesis, and benefits of exosomes, and primarily focus on summarizing the isolation and purification methods of exosomes, the preparation of engineered exosomes, and their clinical applications, to better provide new ideas for the development of exosome drug delivery systems.Keywords: exosomes, isolation, preservation, drug delivery, engineered exosomes, applications